Blue Ocean Strategy Theory and Criticism

Diagram the primary parts of Kim and Mauborgne’s (2004) idea of ‘Blue Ocean Strategy’. Fundamentally evaluate the qualities and impediments of this way to deal with seeking after upper hand. Utilize significant guides to help your contention. Presentation In the contemporary unfriendly business condition, development has become some portion of any company’s central methodology for constant endurance. Nokia, notwithstanding being the world’s biggest cell phone producer having a huge client base, acknowledged how absence of advancement to contend with rivals very good quality PDAs undermined its market nearness. Kim and Mauborgne’s (2004) Blue Ocean Strategy is one of the significant commitments in that specific situation. As needs be, this paper looks at the Blue Ocean Strategy idea in the accompanying request: First, the hypothesis is clarified with a genuine model. Besides we take a gander at not many of its restrictions. Thirdly, a basic examination of why this methodology is preferable or more awful off over other contending and worth development hypotheses is introduced lastly the end is drawn. Blue Ocean Strategy Theory As per Kim and Mauborgne (2004) the business universe comprises of two unmistakable sorts of room: Red and Blue Oceans. Red Oceansâ are the realized market space where industry limits are characterized and acknowledged, and the serious guidelines of the game are known. Here organizations attempt to beat their opponents to snatch a more prominent portion of the market. As the market space becomes busy, possibilities for benefits and development are diminished. Items become wares, and merciless rivalry turns the sea ridiculous and subsequently, the termâ red sea. Blue seas, interestingly, allude to all the businesses not in presence todayâ€the obscure market space, untainted by rivalry. The substance of Blue Oceans is esteem advancement where request is made as opposed to battled about. There is plentiful open door for fast development and benefits. In Blue Ocean, rivalry is insignificant in light of the fact that the standards of the game are holding on to be set. Rather than Red Ocean which underscores either on cost or separation system, Blue Ocean proposes it is conceivable to accomplish both all the while. Seeking after this technique can make high boundaries to passage. There are two different ways to make blue seas: one is to offer ascent to totally new ventures and the other is by changing the limit of a current industry. One of the exemplary instances of Blue Ocean procedure was Fords innovation of Model T in 1908. Around then the car business in US was soaked (Red Ocean) with 500 little vehicle organizations fabricating hardly any costly vehicles for the rich residents as it were. Passage reclassified the business by the presentation of Model T vehicle which was increasingly vigorous, moderate and had less upkeep cost. With popularity and normalization in its item it had the option to achieve both separation and minimal effort. Along these lines as opposed to entering and contending on a similar level Ford made the opposition superfluous by taking advantage of an entirely different market or Blue Ocean inside the current business. Impediments Some of the Blue Ocean Strategy restriction recommended by Bowman (2008) incorporates the expense related with bombed activities and advancements, the equivocalness in the business definition and the philosophy did for the hypothesis. Other Strategy Theories and Approaches Serious Strategy Forces Porter’s five powers seeing rivalry as the fundamental issue that business out to address is in direct difference to Blue Ocean’s perspective on esteem development and making new market. An ongoing exploration in the retail showcase by Barke (2010) recommends that Porter’s perspective on expanded firm prompting lower benefit is in reality obvious yet it doesn't go down alarmingly as proposed but instead a ‘pedestrian force’. Additionally Blue Ocean advancement in a current market can keep going for a long time before it to go down to a fundamental level (Barke, 2010). This means the benefit gains from advancement, in a current market, are significantly more than recently assumed. Troublesome Innovation Kim and Mauborgne (2004) neglected to distinguish the trouble in embracing Blue Ocean technique especially for the set up firms. Christensen and Overdorf (2004) detected this issue in their ‘disruptive innovation’ model which bears likeness with Blue Ocean in that new markets can be made with the current business and ‘continual innovation’ is required for endurance. Extensively characterizing, it is a technique which upsets the direction f an industry it is going to, rather than attempting to change the entire business and does as such by focusing on the purported non-purchasers. Christensen contends that built up firm’s quality in assets, procedure, and qualities culture can frequently prompt inflexibility to change and adjust to dangers or investigate new markets. Simple planes steady development and ascend in stre ngth against different carriers, for example, British Airways is an ideal model. English Airways attempted to change its plan of action and duplicate Easy Jet’s ease system yet pitiably flopped because of its distinctive worth. Christensen and Overdorf (2000) feature this issue about the ‘dangers of rapidly copying by built up firms’ and rather asks new ‘organizational structure, acquisition’ intends to handle the issue. They further proceed to state that little problematic new companies will consistently have an additional bit of leeway over built up firms because of less worry in ‘managing resources’ and in CEO’s ‘quick instinctive choices. ’ Their hypothesis, consequently, give an entirely different point of view in Blue Ocean Strategy model. Experience Innovation and Co-Creation of Value Prahalad (2004) contends that that today, clients need to be included increasingly more in the creation encounter or become ‘co-creator’s’ rather than the ‘dominant logic’ of organizations that chooses which item to produce and sell as recommended by Blue Ocean methodology and different hypotheses. As indicated by him, this prevailing rationale neglects to perceive dangers, take advantage of chances, development and advancement. He recommends ‘value’ is made through understanding of devouring the item as opposed to just estimated side-effect, administration or exchange (Prahalad, 2004: 173). This is the thing that terms as ‘experience innovation’ that can be made through a worldview known as ‘DART (Dialog, Access and Choice, Risk Assessment and Transpercy). ’ Starbucks is a genuine model here †where individuals just don’t go to drink espresso but instead to understanding of the bistro culture. Patterns in Japanese Management While Blue Ocean Strategy underlines on finding another market for upper hand, Clegg and Kono (2002) affirms that one of the ascent of Japanese organizations, for example, Hitachi and Toshiba was ‘developing vital partnerships and co activity with other companies’ (Clegg and Kono, 2002: 278). Further divergence in Blue Ocean procedure incorporates Hamel and Prahalad (1989) ‘advantage of being a supporter instead of a leader’ which empowers organizations to have a ‘strategic intent’ or a drawn out vision of winning and beating the greatest in the business, for example, Canon tried to beat ‘Xerox’ and at last coordinating worldwide unit piece of the pie. End The serious point of view recommends that organizations should give close consideration to their current markets whenever searching for open doors for advancement; that opposition is an a lot more vulnerable power as far as dissolving the advantages from development. Problematic advancement features the impediments looked by firms in seeking after Blue Ocean yet appropriately encourages firms to receive this system for endurance. With the momentum IT marvels the experience innovation’s all encompassing perspective on estimating an incentive through shopper is another broadness of outside air that ought to be incorporated and be a piece of Blue Ocean Strategy. Ultimately, the patterns in Japanese Management demonstrates that other fruitful procedure speculations should likewise be considered close by Blue Ocean as a major aspect of organizations more extensive strategy to stay serious.

Example Problem of Enthalpy Change of a Reaction

Model Problem of Enthalpy Change of a Reaction This model issue tells the best way to discover the enthalpy for the decay of hydrogen peroxide. Enthalpy Review You may wish to audit the Laws of Thermochemistry and Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions before you start. Enthalpy is a thermodynamic property that is the entirety of the inside vitality that is added to a framework and the result of its weight and volume. Its a proportion of the frameworks ability to discharge warm and perform non-mechanical work. In conditions, enthalpy is meant by the capital letter H, while explicit enthalpy is lowercase h. Its units are typically joules, calories, or BTUs. The adjustment in enthalpy is legitimately corresponding to the quantity of reactants and items, so you work this sort of issue utilizing the adjustment in enthalpy for the response or by ascertaining it from the warms of arrangement of the reactants and items and afterward duplicating this worth occasions the genuine amount (in moles) of material that is available. Enthalpy Problem Hydrogen peroxide deteriorates as indicated by the accompanying thermochemical reaction:H2O2(l) â†' H2O(l) 1/2 O2(g); ÎH - 98.2 kJCalculate the adjustment in enthalpy, ÎH, when 1.00 g of hydrogen peroxide breaks down. Arrangement This kind of issue is comprehended by utilizing a table to look into the change in enthalpyâ unless its given to you (as it is here). The thermochemical condition reveals to us that ÎH ​for the decay of 1 mole of H2O2 is - 98.2 kJ, so this relationship can be utilized as a transformation factor. When you know the adjustment in enthalpy, you have to know the quantity of moles of the significant compound to ascertain the answer. Using the Periodic Tableâ to include the majority of hydrogen and oxygen particles in hydrogen peroxide, you findâ the sub-atomic mass of H2O2 is 34.0 (2 x 1 for hydrogen 2 x 16 for oxygen), which implies that 1 mol H2O2 34.0 g H2O2. Utilizing these qualities: ÎH 1.00 g H2O2 x 1 mol H2O2/34.0 g H2O2 x - 98.2 kJ/1 mol H2O2ÎH - 2.89 kJ Answer The adjustment in enthalpy, ÎH, when 1.00 g of hydrogen peroxide deteriorates - 2.89 kJ Its a smart thought to check your work to ensure the transformation factors all offset to leave you with an answer in vitality units. The most widely recognized blunder made in the estimation is unintentionally exchanging the numerator and denominator of a transformation factor. The other entanglement is critical figures. In this issue, the adjustment in enthalpy and mass of test both were given utilizing 3 critical figures, so the appropriate response ought to be accounted for utilizing a similar number of digits.

Easy Tips For Writing an Informational Essay

<h1>Easy Tips For Writing an Informational Essay</h1><p>The intensity of composing an educational article is something that pretty much all individuals who read a paper or even think of one have not experienced. At the point when you get as far as possible of your paper and start to understand it, you will think that its more obvious it than if you had not composed it by any stretch of the imagination. There are approaches to make composing an enlightening paper simpler. This article will layout a few hints for you.</p><p></p><p>Before you begin composing, distinguish the theme that you need to expound on. Discover a region that intrigues you and expound on it. It will assist with keeping a diary of things that intrigue you.</p><p></p><p>Choose a title for your paper and work it out before you start composing. This is the place the title comes in, since it will be utilized as a caption when the article is perused. It i s useful to evaluate various titles on paper to perceive what you like and don't like.</p><p></p><p>Choose a point that is intriguing to you. Ensure it is a point that you are enthusiastic about. Commonly when you expound on something that you are enthusiastic about, it winds up being more enticing than if you were expounding on something that you aren't.</p><p></p><p>When you start composing, list the entirety of the advantages or favorable circumstances of your point. This will be the snare that perusers are going to need to navigate to your site or blog so they can become familiar with your theme. Make certain to consistently begin with the advantages and afterward move to the hindrances of the topic.</p><p></p><p>You will find that the way that you utilize various words will expand the quantity of words that you need to use to advance your subject. At the point when you start composing, utilize just the most significant words in the exposition. As you compose, youwill find that words regularly appear to be less significant when you are doing so.</p><p></p><p>Do not expect that since you are composing an educational paper, that you need to utilize the words 'information'opinion'. Actually, numerous individuals will in general mood killer a group of people when they utilize these words. Rather, write in an unbiased tone and let the peruser recognize what it is that they have to know.</p><p></p><p>Make sure that you return to the article that you composed when you are prepared to compose another instructive paper. Because you wrapped up an instructive article doesn't imply that you are finished with composing. Truth be told, almost certainly, you will need to accomplish more work to improve your essay.</p>

How to Choose the Best Essay Reviews Writing Service

How to Choose the Best Essay Reviews Writing ServiceSo you want to hire a writing service, but have no idea which one to choose? As you've likely guessed, the best essay reviews writing service will not be easily found. The worst of them might, however, but there are a few things you can look for in order to narrow down your search.It is essential that a writing service prove they can write quality work, if only for their own business reputation. You need to know that you can trust them in case of a complaint or concern. So be wary of any essay writing service that only promises to write the best essays for your clients for a certain fee. To be sure that you can trust them, research the writing service's website.Find out where they get their content from and how they write it for their websites. Some people use third party sources to write their articles, but others are concerned about the quality of the material. The best essay reviews writing service uses content that is accepted a s reliable and is regularly edited to ensure it conforms to standards.Look at the website to see how the company puts their work through to ensure that it conforms to the industry's guidelines. If a lot of content is copied, most likely the content is taken from other websites. Theirs is an 'All Rights Reserved' policy that explains what content is allowed and what content is not allowed.Make sure that they have all the tools they need to do their job. Look for an experienced team of writers to do your assignments. Often, you may find that they are not that experienced in this area but are capable of writing quality content. Look into their portfolio to make sure they are good at what they do.You will also want to make sure that the writing service you choose uses the latest software to help them write the best essay reviews. Be sure to read the customer testimonials that are available. These are a great way to find out if the writer is good at what they do.Offer to submit some mate rial to them for review. Many times the best essay reviews writing service will be willing to let you submit your writing samples so that they can assess whether you have what it takes to write for them. This can help them learn how to develop your writing skills for your benefit.Be clear about what you want. That way they can outline what you need them to do for you. You want a writing service that can put together and outline what you want them to do and work with you to get the project done. You want to ensure that they do their best to do this so that you don't have to.

Essay Topics for Song yet Sung Reviews & Tips

<h1> Essay Topics for Song yet Sung Reviews &amp; Tips </h1> <p>It felt like you're watching the genuine film. A basic film audit model is a great choice of how it is conceivable to get to the inadequacies depicted by the film and back your cases with truthful proof. It is conceivable to experience the exposition that has been composed by and by so an incredible title strikes you. Composing a perfect film investigate paper is in any case not simple. </p> <p>Don't stop for a second to blend and match anything with anything and use it in the manner you appreciate. Luckily there's a superior methods. There's ability in different locales of the world or unmistakable groups that probably won't be sorted out together. Simply take seven days off from work and produce a rundown of the couple of thousand more you're ready to think about completely all alone! </p> <h2> The Chronicles of Essay Topics for Song yet Sung</h2> <p>If you're p ondering the most ideal approach to attempt it, Wikipedia is a marvelous site to do your exploration. You'll get a customized Friend Link following distributing your story, and you may likewise find it on your story page when you're marked into your record on Medium. It's so easy to discover the school exposition theme at this strategy. Take out some substance to view the measure of your paper. </p> <h2> All About Essay Topics for Song yet Sung</h2> <p>One doesn't have to deliver the assortment of the article subject as to one that is very testing basically to keep the enthusiasm of the perusers. In a similar way an article subject can acquire an understudy to end up with low scores. It is obviously better leave subjects that aren't clear and right to the point. In the occasion you pick an exposition theme that is exceptionally testing, you can recognize your shortcomings without trouble. </p> <p>If you can make your melody novel, you will be sign ificantly more joyful with the aftereffects of your endeavors. Assess the determination of music and the passionate impact on the crowd. Precisely like in a circumstance of choosing an erroneous melody can leave the vocalist from the opposition itself. It is actually similar to a skilled underwriter picking an unmistakable tune to be sung in an opposition. </p> <h2> The Pain of Essay Topics for Song yet Sung</h2> <p>You may likewise observe that your most elevated and your least note is basically inside the 1 area. Numerous Buddhist models, arriving at several accounts produced using bronze, were then annihilated attributable to a coin lack. A subject is a general thought of what you might want to expound on. During watching, conceptualize and observe musings and show them. </p> <p>The feeling is so genuine, in any case, that even audience members who don't realize Arabic will associate with this. What you ought to do is take this idea of what you like about music, and use specific methods (hyperlink) to make tune thoughts that coordinate this standards. Along these lines suddenness has a significant part in the piece of a verse. For instance, grown-up humor. </p> <p>Every artist need to comprehend what their voice type is. You can start a tune in many different manners. Numerous individuals probably won't think so yet a melody could be difficult to break down. By method of model, think about the tunes of contemporary occasions. </p> <p>The melody is the up and coming noteworthy section a tune. In case you're not satisfied with its sound, or see the strategy by which the tune or verses can be improved, make adjustments promptly, else you will most likely forget about it, or get familiar with the sound and don't hear the discord. The melody is basically another exceptionally long assortment of extraordinary tunes. This melody speaks to part of my life since I truly prefer to move. </p> <p>Folks can in any case find your work on the web and you should ensure it's composed acceptable and mix-up free. Moving is a gigantic part of my life since I've been doing it for 5 decades and I genuinely appreciate it. People just love you since you get a cool name. Music shapes a fundamental part everything being equal and religions. </p> <h2>The Ideal Approach for Essay Topics for Song yet Sung </h2> <p>There isn't any approach to work composing into the point matter of my program. You could consider taking the help of your instructor too to help you pick a viable paper theme. A best exposition theme can simply strike somebody each time an easygoing discussion is going on. To put it in an unexpected way, a captivating school paper point makes it feasible for the essayist to uncover her or his qualities. </p> <p>Decide the feeling you might want to depict. In the play there's likewise a monstrous number of unrefined funniness. The criticalness of the term clarifies the character of the book. Allude back to your postulation sentence regularly to guarantee the words you're making despite everything bolster your first idea. </p>

Unknown Facts About Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics

<h1> Unknown Facts About Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics </h1> <p>It's additionally basic that you don't comprise of unconvincing or frail causes just to accomplish your assertion check. So as to understand how to create a fabulous circumstances and logical results paper, you should know four essential focuses. Remember, you should make a total circumstances and logical results exposition yet not just a couple of passages. Despite the fact that it tends to be hard to compose, it's regularly the most interesting and satisfying sort of circumstances and logical results article. </p> <p>Give guides to show the strategy by which the reason applies to the last result. At precisely the same time, identifying circumstances and logical results connections isn't that simple with respect to the choice of an unrivaled circumstances and logical results exposition point. For the huge part, there are 3 particular types of circumstances and logical results papers. Extensively, there are 3 assortments of circumstances and logical results articles. </p> <h2> If You Read Nothing Else Today, Read This Report on Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics</h2> <p>Select the subject that you see well. At the point when the subject is picked you should continue to composing. In the event that it is chosen effectively it will be fruitful among the peruser and cause a great deal of conversations. Your exposition theme is a center part of any kind of article. </p> <p>Cause and impact is a run of the mill method of sorting out and examining thoughts. S imply, you need to get the thought you perceive well. Picturing things is a solid strategy. </p> <h2>Finding Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Online </h2> <p>The cost of an article is reliant upon the amount of exertion the author needs to apply. Stop stressing in light of the fact that composing isn't a weight, yet a test you should be slanted to take on. The essayist might need to have a specific explanation that expresses a specific end. He needs to concentrate on the portrayal of the circumstance so that the peruser is set up for the impact' that he is contending for. </p> <h2>Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics at a Glance </h2> <p>Writing about the explanation and impact article themes associated with the school's prominence or enduring the underlying year in school may be fine to snatch the enthusiasm of your friends. Regardless of whether your point is to get much better evaluations at school or simply to savor the experienc e of the creative cycle Essay Info will lead you to your target. Understudies have occupied existences and as often as possible disregard a coming cutoff time. They should focus on the manner in which things identify with one another. </p> <h2>Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics Ideas </h2> <p>PaperCoach can help you with every one of your papers, so investigate the occasion! Composing a scholastic paper may end up being a genuine hellfire when you have not required information on doing it. Something else, your paper won't be persuading and prepared to pull the enthusiasm of various people. It must contain just the fundamental data. </p> <p>This article utilizes the square structure. The circumstances and logical results article blueprint will serve you as a guide for the rest of the paper. Alongside helping you compose your contemplations, an exposition diagram additionally empowers you to design the separation of your paper. Along these lines, when the educator says you'll need to create such paper, you may inhale openly. </p> <p>It is conceivable to peruse the explanation and impact paper tests from the site of Students Assignment Help as well. At Essay Info you'll discover rules for composing numerous assortments of scholastic assignments. Article Info is for each and every individual who needs to upgrade the composing abilities. </p> <p>The first couple of lines of the passage should be a broad clarification of the thoughts which are communicated all through the paper. Using an exposition framework can assist you with sorting out your contemplations so you don't commit that error. There's one significant issue with the five passage article. </p> <h2>The Lost Secret of Write Cause and Effect Essay Topics </h2> <p>As a result your paper will compose a ton faster which is an additional advantage. Again, in view of the substance you have to give, the exposition should be sorted out to suit your data effectively and perfectly. Recall it's just a fundamental rundown. For instance, The GreatDepression.</p>

Guide to non-essential clauses

Non-essential clauses also known as parenthetical or non-restrictive clauses are among the most important concepts tested on both SAT Writing and ACT English. They are used to provide additional information about nouns, usually the subject, and they have several important characteristics: 1) They are most often surrounded by commas (one before, one after), but they can also be surrounded by dashes or parentheses. 2) They can be removed from a sentence without affecting its essential meaning. 3) They are usually followed by verbs. Lets start with the following base sentence: Correct:  The Olmec culture, which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco, was among the earliest complex civilizations. Correct:  The Olmec culture which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco was among the earliest complex civilizations. Correct:  The Olmec culture (which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco) was among the earliest complex civilizations. If we cross out the non-essential clauses, the sentence that remains still makes perfect sense: Crossed out: The Olmec culturewas among the earliest complex civilizations. The sentence still makes perfect sense. Appositives One important thing to know about non-essential clauses is that they often begin with either who or which, as in the above sentence. They can, however, also begin with nouns, in which case they are known as appositives.  Im simplifying a bit here, but this is the gist of it. You do not need to be able to identify appositives by name, but you do need to be able to recognize that the construction is correct, even if it may sound funny to you. Correct: The Olmec culture, a culture that flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco, was among the earliest complex civilizations. Making Sure Its Really A Non-Essential Clause Some people have difficulty determining when the presence of two commas actually indicates a clause that can be crossed out (if this applies to you, keep reading; if not, you can ignore the rest of this post). There are many other scenarios when two commas can appear in a sentence and in fact nothing can be crossed out. No non-essential clause: Beginning around 1500 BC, the Olmec culture flourished along the Gulf Coast of Mexico, primarily in the modern-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco. In the above sentence, there are two commas, but if we cross out the information between them, we are left with: Crossed-out: Beginning around 1500 BCprimarily in the modern-day states of Veracruz and Tabasco. Clearly this does not make sense! The information between the commas is therefore not a non-essential clause. One of the most common errors involving non-essential clauses involves removing one of the commas. Incorrect:   The Olmec culture which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco, was among the earliest complex civilizations. (No comma before the non-essential clause) Incorrect: The Olmec culture, which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco was among the earliest complex civilizations. (No comma after the non-essential clause) One thing to be aware of is that non-essential elements can be both quite long and very, very short. The important thing to remember is that regardless of length, the rule stays the same: if you can take the word or phrase out of the sentence and the the sentence still makes sense, you need both commas. No exceptions. Correct: The Olmec culture began to flourish around 1500 BC. It is, therefore, among the earliest complex civilizations. Correct: The Olmec culture began to flourish around 1500 BC. It is, historians believe, among the earliest complex civilizations. Mismatched Punctuation Both the SAT and the ACT test punctuation involving non-essential clauses. The most important rule is that the same type of punctuation should be used to mark both the beginning and the end of a non-essential clause: commas must be matched with commas, dashes with dashes, and parentheses with parentheses. Any construction that involves mixing and matching is incorrect. In most cases, dashes and commas will be mismatched with one another: Incorrect: The Olmec culture, which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco was among the earliest complex civilizations. Incorrect: The Olmec culture   which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco, was among the earliest complex civilizations. Note that catching these errors often requires you to read either backwards or forwards within a sentence. If the underlined portion is at the beginning of the sentence, you will have to jump ahead to check the punctuation at the end of the non-essential clause; and if the underlined portion is at the end of the sentence, you will have to backtrack to check the punctuation at the beginning of the non-essential clause. That is why you must consider each underlined section in context and not only focus on the specific words in question. Additional Errors   1) Subject-Verb Agreement Errors Incorrect: The Olmec culture, which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco,  were among the earliest complex civilizations. Correct: The Olmec culture, which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco,  was among the earliest complex civilizations. Occasionally, however, the error may appear within the non-essential clause: Incorrect: The Olmec culture, which were among the earliest complex civilizations, flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco. Correct: The Olmec culture, which was among the earliest complex civilizations, flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco. 2) Fragments Incorrect:  The Olmec culture, which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco,  and it  was among the earliest complex civilizations. To fix the sentence, you must start, as always, by crossing out the non-essential clause in order to see what youre truly dealing with: Incorrect: The Olmec culture, which  flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco, and it was among the earliest complex civilizations. Once youve reduced the sentence, you simply cross out everything before the verb: Correct: The Olmec cultureand it  was  among the earliest complex civilizations. The correct answer choice will pretty much always be the one that contains a comma immediately followed by a verb. You could also encounter a question that asks you to fix the beginning of a non-essential clause. In order to do so, you must be able to read ahead in the sentence and recognize that a comma can mark the end of a non-essential clause. Incorrect: The Olmec culture flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco,  was among the earliest complex civilizations. If you just read the beginning, the sentence seems fine. But if you read the whole thing, something is clearly off. The key is to recognize that the comma before  was can mark the end of a non-essential clause. To fix the sentence, you can therefore begin the non-essential clause after  culture. Correct: The Olmec culture, which flourished in the modern-day Mexican states of Veracruz and Tabasco,  was among the earliest complex civilizations.